Davao Philippines free essay sample

The region was probably the biggest area in the Philippines during that time, spreading over in excess of 20,000 square kilometers; it endured from 1920 until 1967, when the territory split into three territories, namely: Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, and Davao Oriental. After the division, Davao City was formally named its provincial place. RELIGION most of the districts populace are Christians, mostly Catholics; in any case, there are also Muslims,Buddhists, and Shintoists living in the area. Regular Resources Aside from its forestland and ripe fields, Southern Mindanao has mineral assets ofâ chromite,â iron,â nickel,â manganese,â gold,â copperâ and other non-metallic minerals. Five of the significant angling grounds of the Philippines are situated in the area. Compostela Valley In Compostela Valley, nature sweethearts can appreciate the greenery and the fauna found among the mangroves and coral nurseries of Lunod Island. They can likewise go trekking and hiking at Mt. Candalaga. Spelunkers can discover experience at the Mahayhay, Casoon and Kiokmay Caves, while Tagbibinta falls offer a remarkable boating involvement with its waters. We will compose a custom exposition test on Davao Philippines or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Davao del Norte In this piece of the area lie wonderful sea shores that families can go to for journeys and excursions. Pearl Farm, Canibad and Costa Marina Beach Resorts offer cool white, dark and dark sand, clear water sea shores. For the curious and inquisitive psyche, a voyage through the Vanishing Island is an unquestionable requirement to see the marvel of this â€Å"disappearing† assortment of land. The Monfort Bat Sanctuary is likewise an unquestionable requirement see. Davao City In this cutting edge and contemporary city, one can in any case discover the advantage of nature. There is the Paraiso Beach Resort, where guests can discover time to wash under the sun and swim in cool waters. Ecotourist will appreciate the Seagull Mountain Resort and Riverford Nature Park. Moreover, voyagers can unwind in the quieting, despite everything waters of the El Nido Cold Spring. For a sample of culture and history, explorers should visit the city’s Japanese town, which was worked before the Japanese occupation during World War II. Davao del Sur In Davao del Sur, explorers can locate the most noteworthy top in the nation, Mt. Apo, where hiking, climbing and outdoors are mainstream exercises. Visitors can likewise swim at Llavan, Sta, Monica and Pearl-Cris Beach Resorts. Moreover, Kabulao Cave is likewise extraordinary for spelunking. Davao Oriental When in Davao Oriental, voyagers ought to go to Ballestic Island and visit the seventeenth century Caraga Catholic Church. Voyagers ought to likewise go climbing at Tinagong Dagat (Hidden Sea), and find this one of a kind regular marvel arranged a thousand feet above ocean level. Then again, travelers ought to likewise observe the Sigaboy Floating in Governor Generosa, an islet formed like a monster whale.

The American Airlines and US Airways Merger

The American Airlines and US Airways Merger Mergers and acquisitions compare to the complete changes for organizations. In the contemporary business condition, they are progressively being embraced to improve rivalry through expanded exhibitions. Comparative associations consolidate consequently their drawn out endurance in the serious condition (Weston, 2014). Normally, mergers and acquisitions bring about authoritative monetary turn of events. The organizations included develop their piece of the pie and limit therefore developing speculation portfolios to encourage hazard decrease. They smooth the advancement of entering new markets, signifying investors worth and offer better economies of scale. At this viewpoint see, almost all traded on an open market organizations have encountered a significant securing sooner or later in the United States, so did the American Airlines and US Airways in ninth December 2013. The two organizations work under a similar radar of airspace business. The American Airlines and US Airways converged to shape American Airlines Group, Inc. as a traded on an open market aircraft holding organization situated in Fort Worth, Texas, United States. The objective organization was American Airlines. American Airlines kept up 72% of the organization while US Airways took the rest 28%. Most of the offers were appropriated to US Airways investors and American Airlines past loan bosses. This consolidation consequence the biggest carrier all around with 336 areas in 56 countries around the world, more than 6,700 every day flights, in excess of 100,000 representatives and a working income of $40billion. Up 'til now, American Airlines Group, focuses to take the conveyance of more than 600 new airplanes including at least 500 tight bodied and 90 wide-body universal flights (American Airlines News, n.d.) Look at the conditions that brought about the merger or procurement for the chose organization. Guess on two (2) reasons why the subsequent choice to consolidate or to gain/be procured was made. Conditions that brought about the merger of American Airways and US Airways The first conditions which lead to America Airlines and US Airways merger from a theoretical perspective sets from the budgetary issues. US Airways was an American Airlines leaser as indicated by a liquidation court recording expressed under Chapter 11 insolvency security. It had just experienced through over a time of misfortunes and conservations. The supervisory crew had considered an independent rebuilding plan previously. It likewise uncovered that American Airlines anticipated converging with another carrier and US Airways introduced the potential fit. Furthermore, the two organizations had comparable activities. These occurrences offered ascend to conceivable serviceable and potential merger activity which emerged at long last as the two of them consented to a merger. Reasons that came about to the merger The principal reason regarding why the subsequent choice to consolidate was made was the way that the merger would make a book balance by retaining out the liquidation court recording after proper recompenses and different installments. From now on, the consolidated organization would work in budgetary opportunity accomplished for the drawn out result. Working along with the pooled cost of capital would bring down operational expenses and acknowledge expanded returns than if the two organizations worked independently (Weston, 2014). It would be less expensive for both American Airlines and US Airways to inside contribute and eye for development of its organizations and tasks. Gaining new airplanes and other related resources would be less expensive as a result of the unified deal buy. Besides, American Airlines and US Airways would bring about an even merger that would shape a solid column to accomplish a serious edge in the worldwide scale. This would prompt accomplishing extra an incentive in carrier activities and business on the worldwide market. The anticipated cooperative energy esteem, would guide the joined organizations to structures that could yield higher incomes, lower costs and the general expense of capital (Cooper, 2014). The merger and procurement of the organizations would give the blended gatherings an edge over their opponents regarding business openings. After the consolidation, they would misuse the developing patterns in the market together. This would likewise aid hole filling of the partys shortcoming and childhood of critical quality foremost for predominance in the aircraft business. These reasons moved American Airlines and US Airways to settle on the choice to blend. Evaluate the huge positive (or negative) impacts of the merger or obtaining. Give at any rate two (2) instances of those impacts since the merger or procurement has been finished. Impacts of the merger Consummation of the American Airlines and US Airways added to various critical constructive outcomes. The significant key advantage was power solidification and authority over the market. This encouraged the passage into new markets and bigger offers in the current market. It improved economies of scale which related to procurement of more resources as airplanes (Cooper, 2014). Sharing assessments expanded money related influence causing them to use quite a bit of its advantages by sparing expenses (Ulijn, 2013). Therefore, the joined carrier organization offered progressively helpful timetable to itinerary items with access to more goals around the globe. Their consolidated armada proceeded with infiltration to work more courses with the biggest armadas of airbuses all through the world associating more individuals and advancing expansion of worldwide organizations and multicultural. For example, it is as of now works 336 goals in excess of 50 nations on the planet. Presently, the c onsolidated organization utilizes more than 100,000 individuals over the globe (Cooper, 2003). Consolidating the two carriers brought about the arrangement of a solid association of an efficient client care than previously. The association embraced to administer methodical plan in instances of chapter 11 thus giving specialists more capacity to arrange and keep up their wages. It lifted off laborers enduring during the previous years. Endless supply of the merger, it gave better advantages and remuneration to the joined carriers representatives. Also, representatives are fundamentally profiting by being a piece of a main global organization with more grounded budgetary establishment and serious stage for more prominent long haul vocation open doors just as greater work openings. Be that as it may, the converging of the two organizations had some negative impacts too. Their blend makes them to carry on like a restraining infrastructure in view of working in the comparative business. Imposing business model implied less rivalry and more significant expenses. Setting high flight costs because of absence of rivalry harms the explorers and other help customers. This lead to visit claims from the restricting bodies, this is troublesome to the flourishing industry (Cooper, 2003). The converge of American Airlines and US Airways inferred a mix of comparative operational capacities along with over ability. The majority of the US Airways representatives confronted gratings by the inner rivalry and must be conserved thus the organization wound up losing a portion of their gifted laborers. Work troubles proceeded on account of the insolvency which brought about solidified annuity and diminished advantages. For example, the Labor Law despite everything follows up in assurance of reasonable terms. Analyze the authoritative structure that has come about because of the merger or securing. Examine the significant contrasts between the subsequent organization and the first two (2) associations. New Organizational Structure Consequence to the Merger The hierarchical structure result to the merger included positional move among the personell. Doug Parker, the prior leader of the US Airways turned into the C.E.O of the combined organization while Tom Horton turned into the active. He turned into the executive of the new companys governing body. Derek DeCross kept up his job as the VP of the worldwide deals for the new American Airlines. President Scott Kirby held a similar job at the new American Airlines. The remainder of the hierarchical structure was a mix of places that held the most serious human asset (Cooper, 2003). Contrast between the subsequent Company and the Original Ones There is an exceptional distinction between the first organization and the merger. This is ascribed to the thought that American Airlines was known to be customary as far as business advancement and lead while US Airways was known to be less formal and straightforward. The subsequent new American Airline is a solid mix of their distinction in culture, convention and straightforwardness. American Airlines served 277 goals while US Airways served 193 goals. The new American Airline joined this number to frame a few additional goals interfacing the world. The subsequent organization, consequently, shaped a progressively steady structure that included a greater operational gathering than the first organizations (Ulijn, 2013). At first the first organizations worked locally however their coalition gives them capacity to work universally clearing approach to worldwide strength. Decide if the HR the board practices of the organization were adjusted to mirror the result of the merger or procurement. On the off chance that no progressions were fundamental, conjecture on the reasons why they were most certainly not. Give a basis to your reaction. Adjustment of Human Resource Management Practices The human asset the board practices of the organization made acclimations to think about the result since this region demonstrated a major test before the merger. Benefit sharing and execution motivations, direct pay, retirement choices and arrangement for assistance were completely overhauled and refreshed. They united quite a bit of their preparation at the essential center and at the new base camp in order to give the most thorough hands-on aptitudes important for the procedures of the merger. This went down to drive bosses and administrators at both air

How to Ask Your Professor for a Letter of Recommendation Via Email

How to Ask Your Professor for a Letter of Recommendation Via Email If you are applying for a job, an internship, or a graduate program, it is inevitable that you will need to ask one of your professors for a letter of recommendation.While it a necessary thing, it can still be a stressful and daunting experience. It can almost be as anxiety-inducing as asking your crush to be your prom date.Luckily, unlike your crush, your professors are accustomed to being asked for letters of recommendation, and they will be happy to help push you closer to your academic or career goals, so you don’t have a lot to worry about.When it comes to requesting for a letter of recommendation from your professor, the best approach is to ask the professor in person.If you are unable to ask in person, however, you can still do it via email.Email is also a good option if you know that the particular professor is comfortable with digital communication. CHOOSING THE RIGHT PERSON TO ASKBefore we get into how to request a recommendation letter via email, the first thing you need to do is to make sure you are asking the right person.In order to determine the best person to ask, you first need to understand the purpose of a recommendation letter.Normally, the recommendation letter is meant to accompany your resume, cover letter, and any other material that you send as part of your application.But why is it really required?The other documents that form part of your application are a factual summary of your academic qualifications, your skills, and your other accomplishments.While they give a good picture of who you are and what you can do, someone cannot really tell what you are like as a person, or what it is like working with you.This is where your recommendation letter comes in.The recommendation letter adds personality to your resume and cover letter.It discusses things that cannot go into your resume, such as your personality, your ambition, your character traits, how well you connect with other people and so on.Since the recommendation letter talks abou t your personality and character, this means that you should ask for a recommendation from a professor who knows you well and can point out specific incidences in your life to highlight various aspects of your personality and character.Many recommendation letters are usually filled with generic praise that could apply to anyone, and therefore, the more specific your letter of recommendation is, the more likely it is to sound genuine, and the more likely you are to get noticed and appreciated.Of course, if a professor does not know you well, they cannot write a recommendation that is specific to your personality and characteristics.Therefore, if you want a strong letter of recommendation, you should choose a professor who has a personal relationship with you and has a good opinion of you.Before requesting the professor, ask yourself the following questions:Does this professor know me by name?Is the professor familiar with my work?Have I performed well in this professor’s class?Have I worked with this professor outside of class?Have I always acted ethically and professionally in the professor’s class?If you can answer positively to all the above questions, then you have the right person to request for a recommendation letter.Aside from ensuring that the professor knows you personally and has a favorable opinion of you, you should also go for professors who have a reputation for writing the strongest recommendation letters.WHEN TO ASK FOR THE LETTER OF RECOMMENDATIONAside from asking the right person, you also need to make sure that you send the request at the right time.Your professor are most likely very busy with teaching, grading, and even handling other similar requests from other students.In addition, writing a great letter of recommendation takes some time and thought.Therefore, you need to give your professor ample time to work on your letter.At the very least, you should send the request about a month before the application deadline, and if possible, send it even earlier.Aside from giving the professor enough time to write your letter, this also ensures that you have enough time to ask another professor in case the first one declines your request.In addition to sending your request in time, you should also make sure to include the due date for the recommendation letter.This way, the professor will be aware how much time they have to work on your letter.THINGS TO KEEP IN MIND WHEN REQUESTING A LETTER OF RECOMMENDATION VIA EMAILKeep It ShortLike I just mentioned above, professors are busy people with a lot on their table.They have to prepare lectures and tests, deal with other departmental issues, handle requests from students, and so on.Therefore, unless you want to get ignored, you should keep your email to your professor short and sweet. You should be focused on one key thing â€" getting them to agree your letter of recommendation.Therefore, don’t include any unnecessary information and details in the email.Just get straight to the point. If they agree to write the letter of recommendation and need more information from you, they will ask for it.They might even request for an in-person meeting to review your resume, therefore you can save all the extra details for later.Remind Them Who You AreOne of the biggest mistakes many students make is to send an email to the professor with the assumption that the professor knows who you are.The professor interacts with many students every single day, and unless you communicate with the professor via email on a regular basis, then you should remind the professor who you are.This avoids confusion and ensures that the professor has a good idea who they are writing the recommendation for.Make Your Request Assertive And SpecificYou don’t want to simply ask the professor if they can write you a letter of recommendation for you. Of course, the professor can write a letter of recommendation!Making such a weak request will only result in an ordinary recommendation lett er that might not help your application in any way. Instead, you want to be specific about the kind of recommendation letter you want.Therefore, instead of saying “can you write me a letter of recommendation?” say something like, “would you be willing to write me a strong letter of recommendation that will help me get considered for this position?”Of course, being specific and assertive does not mean that you should be cocky or demanding. That will only get your request ignored.Don’t Assume Your Request Will Be AcceptedWhen writing your email to the professor, never make the mistake of assuming that the professor will automatically agree to your request.The professor is under no obligation to write the letter of recommendation for you.By agreeing to write it, they are just doing you a favor. Therefore, when writing the email to your professor, it should be in the form of a request that gives the professor room to deny the request.The professor will be more likely to grant your request when you ask graciously, compared to when they feel like you are demanding for the letter of recommendation.In case the professor denies your request, I know it might hurt a little. However, don’t read so much into it. Having a professor deny your request does not mean that you are a bad student.The professor might have denied your request because they either feel they don’t know well enough to write a great letter, or perhaps they might not have enough knowledge about the position you are applying for to write an effective letter.Therefore, if a professor denies your request, don’t hold it against them. Simply ask another professor.WRITING THE EMAILWith that out of the way, let’s now go into writing the actual email.Below are the steps to follow when writing an email to request a letter of recommendation from your professor.Use A Professional Subject LineYour professor may have a lot of emails in his or her inbox, therefore you want them to know from the onset what your email is about. You should make this clear in the subject line.If your subject line does not make it clear what they should expect from the email, there is a chance that your email might get ignored.Below is an example of a great subject line:“Request For Letter Of Recommendation”Use A Proper SalutationStart your email with a proper salutation, just the way you would on a formal letter. Unless you are on a first name basis with the professor, address them using their professional title.For instance, let’s assume you are writing the request to Dr. Robert Langdon, who was your molecular biology professor. In this case, you should use the salutation “Dear Dr. Langdon.”If you are on a first name basis with the professor, however, it is okay to address them by their first name in the email, in which case the salutation would be,“Dear Robert.”Introduce Yourself And Refresh The Professor’s MindAfter the salutation, you should start by introducing yourself to the p rofessor and writing a few sentences to help the professor remember who you are. Keep this section brief.One or two sentences will do. A great way to do this is to state your name and mention the classes which of the professor’s classes you have taken.If you have had a one-on-one interaction with the professor, you can also mention it briefly. Below is a great example of how to introduce yourself:“My name is Sienna Brooks. I took your class on molecular biology in my senior year, and you helped me with my project on genome sequencing.”State The Purpose Of Your EmailAfter introducing yourself, you want to quickly move to the purpose of your email. If you keep talking about irrelevant things, the professor might stop reading your email.Make it clear that you are requesting for a letter of recommendation and let them know why you need the letter. Below is an example of how to explain the purpose of the email:“Since we will be breaking for summer at the end of the semester, I’ m applying for an internship position at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and I was hoping you would be willing to write a strong letter of recommendation for me.”Explain Why You Chose ThemWith the purpose of your email out of the way, use the next paragraph to explain why you chose them specifically to write the letter of recommendation for you.There are several different ways to approach this section.You could talk about your relationship with this professor, what you have learnt from them, and how they have impacted your life.Alternatively, you could tell a little more about yourself, why you are interested in the position for which you are applying, and why you think this particular professor’s recommendation will go a long way in helping you secure the spot.If the professor has a connection with the organization you are applying to, you can mention it here.Remember, keep your reasons professional.However, you are allowed to use some little flattery here . As the saying goes, a little flattery can get you everywhere.Below is an example of how to explain why you chose this particular professor:“Your classes have helped me learn about all the awesome possibilities that can be achieved through molecular biology.After your classes, I became particularly interested in genome sequencing, and I feel that an internship at CDC would really help me become more versed with this interesting topic.Considering that you helped me on my genome sequencing project, I feel that your recommendation would go a long way in helping me secure this position.”Alternatively, you could say:“Honestly, I had not considered a career in pathogen genome sequencing, but after taking your classes and reading some of your works on the subject, I have become greatly interested in the subject, and I feel that interning at CDC will provide me with the basis I need to pursue a career in this field.Considering your extensive contribution to this field, and seeing as you have partnered with CDC in many of your research projects, I feel that a recommendation from you would be really helpful.”When explaining why you chose the professor, always use a genuine reason.The professor might easily spot a made up story, especially if they know you well, and this might hurt your chances of getting a good recommendation from them.Mention What You Hope They Will SayIf you don’t mention what you want your professor to include in your recommendation, then you have no way of ensuring that they actually talk about what you want.Therefore, you should briefly mention a little of what you expect your professor to talk about.If there is some information about you that the professor does not know, yet you want it mentioned in the letter of recommendation, you can also slip it in at this point.However, you have to do this tactfully. Don’t explicitly tell the professor what you want them to say. Instead, you should mention it as a subtle suggestion.Below is an ex ample of how you could do this.“Having worked with you on the genome sequencing project, I believe you have a good idea of how hard I worked on that project and some of the challenges I encountered during the project.I was hoping you could talk about my commitment to delivering high quality work and my ability to deal with challenges, since these are some of the qualities the employer is looking for.”Attach Other Important DocumentsIn case the professor accepts your request, they will need some more information about you. You don’t want them to start emailing you back and forth asking for this information or the other.To make things as easy as possible for the professor, attach other relevant documents in the email, such as your resume, a list of the classes you’ve taken, activities you might have taken part in, any awards you might have won, and so on.Once you attach them, mention it within your email with a statement like:“You will find attached a copy of my resume and a list of some of the activities I have participated in and the awards I have won. In case you need more information or want to meet in person to discuss something, I will be happy to meet and share the information.”Let Them Know How To Submit The RecommendationIn most cases, the professor is required to upload or submit the letter of recommendation by themselves.If this is the case, you should provide your professor with the instructions on how to submit the letter of recommendation as well as the due date so they don’t submit it too late.Below is an example of how to write this part.“The letter of recommendation is supposed to be submitted before the 1st of April, 2019. You can upload it through this link.”Express GratitudeThe final paragraph of your email should thank the professor for their consideration, whether they write the letter or not.Let them know that you appreciate their taking the time to read your email, as well as for the effort that will go into writing the letter.In addition, express your appreciation for everything you have gained from having them as your professor.Below is an example of how to do this:“Thank you in advance for taking the time to read this request and for your consideration. I also want to thank you for everything I have learnt under your instruction. I know the things I have learnt from you will be very helpful in my future career, and I cannot be grateful enough.”Close ProfessionallyRemember that this is a professional email, therefore you should close it professionally.Don’t leave the email hanging. You could close with something like “Best regards, Sienna Brooks.”That’s it. With those few steps, you will have crafted a very professional email requesting for a letter of recommendation from your professor.Once you are done with the final step, your email should look as follows:To: RLangdon@xyz.comFrom: SiennaBrooks@abc.comSubject: Request For Letter Of RecommendationDear Dr. Langdon,  My name is Sienna Brooks. I took your class on molecular biology in my senior year, and you helped me with my project on genome sequencing. Since we will be breaking for summer at the end of the semester, I’m applying for an internship position at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and I was hoping you would be willing to write a strong letter of recommendation for me. Honestly, I had not considered a career in pathogen genome sequencing, but after taking your classes and reading some of your works on the subject, I have become greatly interested in the subject, and I feel that interning at CDC will provide me with the basis I need to pursue a career in this field. Considering your extensive contribution to this field, and seeing as you have partnered with CDC in many of your research projects, I feel that a recommendation from you would be really helpful.Having worked with you on the genome sequencing project, I believe you have a good idea of how hard I worked on that project a nd some of the challenges I encountered during the project. I was hoping you could talk about my commitment to delivering high quality work and my ability to deal with challenges, since these are some of the qualities the employer is looking for.You will find attached a copy of my resume and a list of some of the activities I have participated in and the awards I have won. In case you need more information or want to meet in person to discuss something, I will be happy to meet and share the information.The letter of recommendation is supposed to be submitted before the 1st of April, 2019. You can upload it through this link.Thank you in advance for taking the time to read this request and for your consideration. I also want to thank you for everything I have learnt under your instruction. I know the things I have learnt from you will be very helpful in my future career, and I cannot be grateful enough.  Best regards, Sienna BrooksWRAPPING UPThe letter of recommendation is a crucial document when you are applying for a job, an internship or a graduate program.If you find it awkward asking for the letter of recommendation in person, or if your professor is comfortable with digital communication, you can request for the recommendation letter via email.When it comes to sending the request via email, remember to keep it short, refresh your professor’s mind, make your request assertive and specific, and let go of the assumption that the professor will automatically accept your request.With that in mind, and if you follow the instructions shared above, you will have no problem requesting for letters of recommendation via email.

Book Report - Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde - 4772 Words

A. Title of the Book: â€Å" The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† B. Author: Robert Louis Stevenson (1850 -1894) * As a novelist, he is often noted for the powers of invention and depth of psychological insights found in his work; a skill defined by G. K. Chesterton as being able ‘to pick up the right word up on the point of his pen’. * Robert Louis Balfour Stevenson was a Scottish novelist, poet, essayist, and travel writer. * A literary celebrity during his lifetime, Stevenson now ranks among the 26 most translated authors in the world. * Stevenson was born Robert Lewis Balfour Stevenson at 8 Howard Place, Edinburgh, Scotland, on 13 November 1850 to Margaret Isabella Balfour and Thomas†¦show more content†¦In the end, Mr. Utterson finds out that he is the physical manifestation of the evil alter ego of Dr. Jekyll. Eventually, Mr Hyde grows so strong that Dr Jekyll becomes reliant on the potion to remain he. 4. Dr. Henry Jekyll * He is a well-respected doctor. A good friend of Dr. Lanyon and Mr. Utterson. He was the one who invented a drug or chemical formula that can turn a person into his alter ego. Dr. Jekyll uses his Hyde persona to live a secret life of depravity. He uses the chemical formula after inventing. Dr. Jekyll undergoes extreme changes in his behavior. Mr. Utterson is convinced it has something to do with the mysterious Mr. Hyde, who is the main beneficiary of Dr. Jekyll’s will. 5. Dr. Hastie Lanyon * A hearty, healthy, dapper, red –faced gentleman, with a shock of hair prematurely white, and a boisterous and decided manner. Dr. Jekyll’s old friend, old mates, both at school and college though they have some clashes with some scientific matters. After the murder of Sir Danvers Carew, when Jekyll unexpectedly turns into Mr. Hyde, he sends a desperate letter to Dr. Lanyon requesting materials from his lab. He was the one who witnessed the transformation of Dr. Jekyll. After witnessing, he was totally shocked. His health declined and eventually died. At the second to the last chapter of the book, he left behind a letter addressed to Mr. Utterson, explaining the details of what he saw. 6. Poole * Dr. Jekyll’s elderlyShow MoreRelatedBook Report - Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde4784 Words   |  20 PagesA. Title of the Book: â€Å" The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† B. Author: Robert Louis Stevenson (1850 -1894) * As a novelist, he is often noted for the powers of invention and depth of psychological insights found in his work; a skill defined by G. K. Chesterton as being able ‘to pick up the right word up on the point of his pen’. * Robert Louis Balfour Stevenson  was a Scottish  novelist, poet, essayist, and  travel writer. * A literary celebrityRead MoreThe Literature of the Victorian Period1090 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† by Stevenson Book Analysis â€Å"North and South† by Gaskell Book Report Example of Literature Review essay, Sample Paper Introduction The literature of the Victorian period is the synonymy of oppositions. Some of the oppositions introduced by this period are to be considered â€Å"vital† as they deal with the major human values. The list of the works known to be the best representations of the Victorian world outlook is very long; nevertheless some works are to be highlightedRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1577 Words   |  7 PagesStevenson’s legendary novella, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, is relatively well known. 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The main character’s self-alienation stems fromRead MoreFrankenstien vs Dr.Jekly and Mr. Hyde1495 Words   |  6 PagesBoth Robert Louis Stevensons Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and Mary Shelleys Frankenstein tell cautionary tales of scientists abusing their creative powers to exist in another sphere where they cannot be directly blamed for their actions. Though Frankensteins creation is a Creature distinct from his creator while Dr. Jekyll metamorphoses into Mr. Hyde, the double of each protagonist progressively grows more violent throughout his story. By doing so he symbolizes his creators repressed desires inRead More Robert Louis Stevensons Dr. Jekyll and Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1456 Words   |  6 PagesRobert Louis Stevensons Dr. Jekyll and Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Both Robert Louis Stevensons Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and Mary Shelleys Frankenstein tell cautionary tales of scientists abusing their creative powers to exist in another sphere where they cannot be directly blamed for their actions. Though Frankensteins creation is a Creature distinct from his creator while Dr. Jekyll metamorphoses into Mr. Hyde, the double of each protagonist progressively grows more violent throughoutRead MoreDr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde2521 Words   |  11 PagesUncovering Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was published in 1886 by Robert Louis Stevenson. 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I watched this show at CasaRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder ( Multiple Personality )1397 Words   |  6 Pagesto test the reliability and validity of this scale. The scale is referred to as The Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) and was developed to help measure dissociation in individuals. The Dissociative Experiences Scale is a twenty-eight item self-report questionnaire. How this scale works is that the individual is asked to mark on a line to indicate where they fall on the continuum for each specific question. After the experiment, the scale was able to show high rates in both reliability and validity

Social responsibility in finance decision making ( Coca Cola) Essay

Essays on Social responsibility in finance decision making ( Coca Cola) Essay Social responsibility in Coca Cola finance decision making Affiliation: Table of Contents 1.1 Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 1.2 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...4 1.3 Body†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 1.3.1 Harm to stakeholders†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 1.3.2 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 1.3.3 CSR outcomes on Coca Cola stakeholders†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 1.3.4 Recommendation to improve the Coca Cola’s CSR†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 1.4 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 1.5 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 Abstract Coca Cola is one of the most renowned soft drink MNEs globally. This is as a result of its excellent non-alcoholic drinks as well as its superb advertisements. Little is however known about its active participation in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives not only in the US but all over the world particularly in Africa. It has participated in CSR initiatives mostly dealing with health projects as well as the environment particularly in water sustainability and reducing the carbon emission to the ozone layer. This has mostly been as a result of negative publicity in India and of contributing to the carbon emission. Introduction Coca Cola whose brand has been in existence since majority can remember has been doing great in terms of the profits and marketing of their products. It has however been mum over the CSR activities it participates in majorly because of lack of media exposure that is sought by majority of its competitors in the business. Being on the limelight over the positives it contributes to the world may be a way to ease its negative publicity over the environment as well as depleting the water resources in India issues that still affect it to date. Harm to stakeholders Coca Cola opened up a company in India meant to produce 600 bottles of the soft drink per hour a project that saw them use an initial amount of $24 million simply to set up. What followed after it initiation were the demonstrations by locals about the reduction of their water level from their wells and they blamed the company for this misfortune. They indicated that the company used up a lot of water for its production which reduced the overall water level in their wells and the residents were suffering (AFP, 2014). These individuals are the potential customers and hence they are the most important of the stakeholders for the company. Their demonstrations are an indication of the harm the company has caused them related to the most important resource on earth which is water. There were numerous reports about the water levels in India which had been on the downward trend since 2002 which was way before the company had set up (Chaudhary, 2014). The government was also aware of this but still allowed the company to go ahead with its profit-seeking mission which in the end was only creating more harm than good to the locals so that a company can continue to make its millions of profit. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives The Coca Cola Company has participated in a whole load of CSR initiative and especially in Africa and around the world in general. It contributed over $2.5 million to aid the typhoon victims in a form of relief aid. This is in addition to investing over $ 5 billion in Africa to aid in sustainable growth and facilitating a project known as â€Å"Project Last Mile† that aim to improve the availability of medicines in Africa that were considered life-saving. It has participated in CSR projects concerning water and environment for a long time bow. An example is installing millions of HFC-free coolers all over the world as a way to try and reduce the carbon production which harms the ozone layer. It has also been investing in water campaigns all over the world that encourages school children to drink safe water to protect their health. The reason very few of its CSR initiatives are known is because they do things as silent partners or simply without the attention of the press similarly to what other MNEs do in advertising their CSR initiatives for market exposure. Coca Cola has done a lot especially for Africa and their efforts in CSR have mostly gone unnoticed and unappreciated (Houpt, 2011). CSR outcomes on Coca Cola stakeholders The few CSR initiatives that have landed media attention have generated millions of positive comments all over the world with many people commending the multi-billion dollar company for its initiatives in making the world a better place. What this has done is create more exposure and support for the company by its stakeholders and especially its customers who have increased their purchase and consumption of the Coca Cola products from water to the soft carbonated drinks such as Fanta and Sprite. More stakeholders have sought to increase their shares and investment to the company to ensure its expansion in different countries of the world. This would enable them make more profit in the long runs which is advantageous to them and the company in the long run. More partners have come forward to prolong their partnerships and business deals with the company as a result of the giving back to the society that makes it get positive labels and bring into the limelight the partners as well increasing their businesses as well. The reputation of the organization which keeps on getting tarnished is also improved greatly by such actions towards aiding the community around them (Mullerat, 2010). Recommendation to improve the Coca Cola’s CSR The CSR initiatives for the company have not been recognized by many people. Many are unaware of what Coca Cola does apart from generating extremely creative advertisements and especially during the Christmas period. As discussed above, it has however accomplished a lot in its CSR initiatives but the problem is the visibility of these initiatives. The public relations department of the MNE should seek more media exposure of these initiatives similarly to what other companies do. This is not in a bid to get recognition to gain more profits but rather as a way of exposing their good work towards the environment and other human beings in dire need (Brown, 2011). It is through its exposure that people with need and other environmental groups with excellent proposals can come forward and seek funding, endorsements or partnerships. Conclusion In this way, the Coca Cola Company has the opportunity to assist the community and the globe even much more than it already has done. It will also gain the opportunity to assist in other diverse projects other than just health and environment making it an all rounded organization making a difference to the whole world and not just in provision of excellent and high quality non-alcoholic drinks. References AFP. (2014, June 18th). Indian officials order Coca-Cola plant to close for using too much water. The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/jun/18/indian-officals-coca-cola-plant- water-mehdiganj Brown, B. (2011). How to Use the Internet to Advertise, Promote, and Market Your Business Or Web Site: With Little Or No Money. London: Atlantic Publishing Company. Chaudhary, A. (2014, October 8th). Farmers Fight Coca-Cola as India’s Groundwater Dries Up. Bloomberg. Retrieved from http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-10- 08/farmers-fight-coca-cola-as-india-s-groundwater-dries-up Houpt, S. (2011, January 13th). Beyond the bottle: Coke trumpets its green initiatives. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved from http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/industry- news/marketing/beyond-the-bottle-coke-trumpets-its-green-initiatives/article569182/ Mullerat, R. (2010). International Corporate Social Responsibility: The Role of Corporations in the Economic Order of the 21st Century. New York: Kluwer Law International

The Clash of the Titians Free Essays

The Clash of the Titians The call to Adventure The main character and hero in the film Clash of the Titans is Perseus, his departure is when he becomes forced to set to sea in sea and with nothing but a coffin and his mother, Danae. Soon washing ashore the island of Seriphos, later as Perseus grows older he receives a sign from the gods when he was shifted to the foreign world of Joppa he never new existed. Refusal of the Call Perseus cannot believe he has changed worlds, and suspect’s action. We will write a custom essay sample on The Clash of the Titians or any similar topic only for you Order Now Supernatural Aid] After receiving the acceptance of Godly actions, Perseus gets his share of supernatural aid consisting of a helmet, sword, and shield along with a message from Zeus that they will someday save his life. [Crossing of the First Threshold] Perseus learns of Andromeda and her situation, she cant marry unless her potential husband successfully answers a riddle, and any man who answers the riddle incorrectly is burned crucified in public. He believes he can’t turn back, for he has been on a quest to save the goddess-like princess by the gods. Entering the Belly of a whale] Perseus captures the magical and almighty winged horse Pegasus and follows Princess Andromeda’s spirit on her nightly journey to learn a new riddle from Calibos, a hideous a monster mortal. [Road of Trails] Armed with the answer to the riddle Perseus is nearly killed by Calibos but escapes, losing the helmet in which renders invisible powers within the swamps in the process. Perseus appea rs at the next ceremony where princess Andromeda’s mother asks for anyone to answer the riddle. With no hesitation, Perseus answers the riddle correctly, presenting Calibos severed hand with the answer of a gold ring. Of course he wins Andromeda’s hand in marriage. [Meeting of the Goddess] At the wedding, Queen Cassiopeia compares Andromeda’s beauty to Thetis herself, which angers the Goddess incredibly and gives her an excuse to fulfill her son’s wish the statue of Thetis collapses and its head comes to life, demanding Andromeda as a sacrifice to the Kraken in thirty days, or else Joppa and its people will be destroyed. Temptation] Bubo the owl leads Perseus to the Stygian witches, three blind women who share a single eye. With some effort they tell him the only way to defeat the Kraken is by using the head of another monster. [The ultimate Boon] Zeus tells his Goddess, Athena, to aid Perseus with her owl Bubo as a replacement for his forgotten helmet. Perseus transformed Medusa into a stone statue and cuts her head off with his sword. Perseus can now move forward to get rid of the Kraken. [Return] the hero goes back home he has proven himself worthy. How to cite The Clash of the Titians, Papers

William Shakespeare Essays (1120 words) - William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare William Shakespeare On April 26, 1564, John Shakespeare's son, William, was baptized at the Stratford Parish Church. No one knows for certain when his birthday was. (Brown 22) It was thought that young Shakespeare began attending school at the age 7, in Stratford. (Wadsworth 344) Before Shakespeare reached the age of 13, his family endured hardships. Shakespeare's formal schooling ceased. At that time, William may have begun helping his father in the gloving business. (Wright 22) ?There is historical warrant for such an approach. Christian images, of course, pervade Shakespeare's culture, throughout his career he obviously thought in terms of them. If those images are themselves frequently allegorical, and we should consider the extent to which the allegories are incorporated into the living texture of Shakespeare's creations.? (Kirch 18) At a young age Shakespeare may have viewed annual plays and seen traveling artists. These performances possibly ignited a spark that continues to burn. (Wright 20) William Shakespeare was an Englishman who wrote poems and plays. According to many he was labeled as one of ?the greatest dramatists the world has ever known and the finest poets? who wrote in the English language. Shakespeare's work relied mostly on his instincts of nature. His understanding of other people allowed him to fully grasp the quality he wrote of. (Wadsworth 342) John Shakespeare married Mary Arden in 1557. Both the Shakespeare's and the Arden's were farmers, and sold their products to make a living. (Brown 23) Shakespeare had two sisters. Joan died in 1562; Margaret died at infancy. Then in 1566 Gilbert was born. In 1569 a second child named Joan was born; in 1571 came Anne, who died when she was eight year's old. Richard was then born in 1574 followed by Edmund in 1580. (25) William Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway at the age of 18. Anne was at least 8 years her husband's senior. The marriage record dates November 27, 1582 in an Episcopal register found in Worchester. (45-46) The custom in Stratford after the eldest son married, was for the new couple to live in the house of the groom's father. In all likelihood, Shakespeare obeyed the customary procedure. (Wright 24) Shakespeare and his wife probably had a good and happy marriage. She gave birth only 6 months after they were legally wed. (Wilson 43) Shakespeare's son named Hamnet was only 11 years old when he died. He also had a daughter named Judith. Judith Shakespeare had 3 sons who died at young ages. Shakespeare's only bloodlines were the descendants of his (second) sister Joan. (Brown 25-26) Between 1585 and 1592, there was no account of a man named William Shakespeare. Typically referred to as the lost years. There were no records of his life. Some scholars believe he was living in London serving as an apprentice. Others believe he retreated and wrote under a fake name. (Wadsworth 345) At about age 20, some people thought young William stole a dear from a wealthy man in order to poach. A crime not tolerated during that period. (Wright 6) Eight years before the death of Shakespeare he wrote 4 new plays. Some scholar's debate, which plays, was his last. Very little was known about him before the age of 28. (Wilson 38) He continued to visit Stratford on occasion. (Wadsworth 347) He bought a house in London where he gradually retired. On April 23, Shakespeare was laid to rest inside the Stratford Parish Church in 1616. Shakespeare was a young 52 when he died. (Wadsworth 347) ?For nearly a century after his death Shakespeare remained more a theme for criticism by the few tha n a subject of adulation by the many.? (Brown, 2) William Kent erected a stone statue of William Shakespeare. The statue is located in the Poet's Corner of Westminster Abby. (Wright 8) Shakespeare may not have felt a calling to write when he left Stratford, but he had a lot to learn in the big city of London. (44-45) After Shakespeare went to London, he joined an acting group. He had no experience. He was merely a performer. (43) William Shakespeare was an important part of a troupe called the Lord Chamberlains Men. He eventually became an honored senior member.

Free Essays on American Culture

1) How much can you learn about â€Å"melting pot† ? Why has the USA been called â€Å"melting pot† ? - â€Å"Melting pot† is a place for mixing races, religions, languages, customs, etc. On the another word, â€Å"melting pot† is a place where people from many different countries all over the world come to live in. - The United Sates has often been called â€Å"melting pot† because its citizens are immigrants who came to the USA from many different countries all over the world and become one people with a common culture and a common loyaty. The immigrants come to the USA and bring with them their languages, religions, traditions, customs from their homeland so it is said that the USA is the nation of immigrants. Every immigrant can find his place in the USA because of its varieties of climate, geography, people, culture, languages, religions, personalities and lifestyles. The USA has a greater diversity of racial, ethnic, cultural and religions group than any other nations in the world. 2) What are traditional American values ? How do these values affect the Americans characters ? * What are traditional American values ? There are six basic traditional American values which is grouped in three pairs : 1. Individual freedom and Self - reliance. 2. Equality of opportunity and Competition. 3. Material wealth and Work hard. There is a mutual relation in each pair of values : - For their individual freedom, Americans have to be self-reliant, and on the contrary, because they are self-reliant, they have their individual freedom. - For equality of opportunity, Americans have to accept competition, and on the contrary, because they are ready to accept competition, they have equality of opportunity. - For their material wealth, Americans have to work hard, and because of their working hard, they have their material wealth . * How do those values affect the Americans characters ? - Americans believe that all people maybe not equal i... Free Essays on American Culture Free Essays on American Culture 1) How much can you learn about â€Å"melting pot† ? Why has the USA been called â€Å"melting pot† ? - â€Å"Melting pot† is a place for mixing races, religions, languages, customs, etc. On the another word, â€Å"melting pot† is a place where people from many different countries all over the world come to live in. - The United Sates has often been called â€Å"melting pot† because its citizens are immigrants who came to the USA from many different countries all over the world and become one people with a common culture and a common loyaty. The immigrants come to the USA and bring with them their languages, religions, traditions, customs from their homeland so it is said that the USA is the nation of immigrants. Every immigrant can find his place in the USA because of its varieties of climate, geography, people, culture, languages, religions, personalities and lifestyles. The USA has a greater diversity of racial, ethnic, cultural and religions group than any other nations in the world. 2) What are traditional American values ? How do these values affect the Americans characters ? * What are traditional American values ? There are six basic traditional American values which is grouped in three pairs : 1. Individual freedom and Self - reliance. 2. Equality of opportunity and Competition. 3. Material wealth and Work hard. There is a mutual relation in each pair of values : - For their individual freedom, Americans have to be self-reliant, and on the contrary, because they are self-reliant, they have their individual freedom. - For equality of opportunity, Americans have to accept competition, and on the contrary, because they are ready to accept competition, they have equality of opportunity. - For their material wealth, Americans have to work hard, and because of their working hard, they have their material wealth . * How do those values affect the Americans characters ? - Americans believe that all people maybe not equal i... Free Essays on American Culture â€Å"American Culture† . All the choices we make reveal something about our personality, surrounding and our upbringing influences these choices. The way we speak, dress, the food we eat, the music we listen to tells allot about us and how we came to be. Everywhere we look in America we can see different cultural signs. It’s really amazing how we can tell the difference between an American person, and a non American just by looking at them; and between people from different parts of our own country. I think the most significant cultural sign in modern day America is that this year in the state of California, there were hundreds of political candidates running for the governor of California. It illustrates what kind of country we are and that we like diversity and choice and how in the end decisions will be based on introspection. It shows that we are capable of levity even in the midst of a serious campaign. It speaks to the cultural intelligence that is America. I believe that now in the 21st Century the media is responsible for influencing much of our culture. We are saturated with television advertisement. During television commercial brakes we are bombarded with brand new products that are coming out. One of the reason they do that is because they want people to come and spend money in their stores. The three essays illustrated a common perception of American life. The common theme among them is how we as American’slive to work, and we are always trying to invent something else and come out with something new. Bill Bryson, in his what’s cooking essay wrote Walter Scott saw that all the restaurants were closing down at 8 p.m., he decide to load a wagon with sandwiches and park it outside the offices of the Providence Journal, since he had no competition his business was doing well. Soon after this lunch wagons began appearing all over....

King Pakal of Palenque

King Pakal of Palenque Kinich Jahahb Pakal (Resplendent Shield) was ruler of the Maya city of Palenque from 615 A.D. to his death in 683. He is usually known simply as Pakal or Pakal I to differentiate him from later rulers of that name. When he came to the throne of Palenque, it was an embattled, destroyed city, but during his long and steady reign it became the most powerful city-state in the western Maya lands. When he died, he was buried in a glorious tomb in the Temple of the Inscriptions in Palenque: his funeral mask and finely carved sarcophagus lid, priceless pieces of Maya art, are only two of the many wonders found in his crypt. Pakals Lineage Pakal, who ordered the construction of his own tomb, painstakingly detailed his royal lineage and deeds in finely carved glyphs in the Temple of the Inscriptions and elsewhere in Palenque. Pakal was born on March 23, 603; his mother Sak Kuk was of the Palenque royal family, and his father Kan Mo Hix came from a family of lesser nobility. Pakals great-grandmother, Yohl Iknal, ruled Palenque from 583-604. When Yohl Iknal died, her two sons, Ajen Yohl Mat and Janahb Pakal I, shared ruling duties until both died at different times in 612 A.D. Janahb Pakal was the father of Sak Kuk, mother of the future King Pakal. Pakals Chaotic Childhood Young Pakal grew up in difficult times. Before he was even born, Palenque was locked in a struggle with the powerful Kaan dynasty, which was based in Calakmul. In 599, Palenque was attacked by Kaan allies from Santa Elena and the Palenque rulers were forced to flee the city. In 611, the Kaan dynasty attacked Palenque again. This time, the city was destroyed and the leadership once again forced into exile. The Palenque rulers set themselves up at Tortuguero in 612 under the leadership of Ik Muuy Mawaan I, but a breakaway group, led by Pakals parents, returned to Palenque. Pakal himself was crowned by his mothers hand on July 26, 615 A.D. He was barely twelve years old. His parents served as regents to the young king and as trusted advisors until they passed away decades later (his mother in 640 and his father in 642). A Time of Violence Pakal was a steady ruler but his time as king was far from peaceful. The Kaan dynasty had not forgotten about Palenque, and the rival exile faction at Tortuguero made frequent war upon Pakals people as well. On June 1, 644, Bahlam Ajaw, ruler of the rival faction at Tortuguero, ordered an attack on the town of Ux Te Kuh. The town, birthplace of Pakals wife Ix Tzak-bu Ajaw, was allied with Palenque: the lords of Tortuguero would attack the same town a second time in 655. In 649, Tortuguero attacked Moyoop and Coyalcalco, also Palenque allies. In 659, Pakal took the initiative and ordered an invasion of the Kaan allies at Pomona and Santa Elena. The warriors of Palenque were victorious and returned home with the leaders of Pomona and Santa Elena as well as a dignitary of some sort from Piedras Negras, also an ally of Calakmul. The three foreign leaders were ceremoniously sacrificed to the god Kawill. This great victory gave Pakal and his people some breathing room, although his reign w ould never be completely peaceful. He of the Five Houses of the Terraced Building Pakal not only solidified and extended Palenques influence, he also expanded the city itself. Many great buildings were improved, built or begun during Pakals reign. Sometime around 650 A.D., Pakal ordered the expansion of the so-called Palace. He ordered aqueducts (some of which still work) as well as the expansion of buildings A,B,C and E of the palace complex. For this construction he was remembered with the title   He of the Five Houses of the Terraced Building Building E was built as a monument to his forebears and Building C features a hieroglyphic stairway which glorifies the campaign of 659 A.D. and the prisoners which were taken. The so-called Forgotten Temple was built to house the remains of Pakals parents. Pakal also ordered the construction of Temple 13, home of the tomb of the Red Queen, generally believed to be Ix Tzak-bu Ajaw, Pakals wife. Most importantly, Pakal ordered the construction of his own tomb: the Temple of the Inscriptions. Pakals Line In 626 A.D., Pakals soon-to-be wife Ix Tzak-bu Ajaw arrived at Palenque from the city of Ux Te Kuh. Pakal would have several children, including his heir and successor, Kinich Kan Bahlam. His line would rule Palenque for decades until the city was abandoned sometime after 799 A.D., which is the date of the last known inscription at the city. At least two of his descendants adopted the name Pakal as part of their royal titles, indicating the high regard the citizens of Palenque held him even long after his death. Pakals Tomb Pakal died on July 31, 683 and was entombed in the Temple of the Inscriptions. Fortunately, his tomb was never discovered by looters but was instead excavated by archaeologists under the direction of Dr. Alberto Ruz Lhuiller in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Pakals body was entombed deep in the temple, down some stairways which were later sealed off. His burial chamber features nine warrior figures painted on the walls, representing the nine levels of the afterlife. His crypt contains many glyphs describing his line and accomplishments. His great carved stone sarcophagus lid is one of the marvels of Mesoamerican art: it shows Pakal being reborn as the god Unen-Kawill. Inside the crypt were the crumbling remains of Pakals body and many treasures, including Pakals jade funeral mask, another priceless piece of Maya art.    Legacy of King Pakal In a sense, Pakal continued to govern Palenque long after his death. Pakals son Kinich Kan Bahlam ordered his fathers likeness carved into stone tablets as if he were leading certain ceremonies. Pakals grandson Kinich Ahkal Mo Nahb ordered an image of Pakal carved into a throne on Temple Twenty-one of Palenque. To the Maya of Palenque, Pakal was a great leader whose long realm was a time of expansion of tribute and influence, even if it was marked by frequent wars and battles with neighboring city-states. Pakals greatest legacy, however, is undoubtedly to historians. Pakals tomb was a treasure trove about the ancient Maya; archaeologist Eduardo Matos Moctezuma considers it one of the six most important archaeological finds of all time. The many glyphs and in the Temple of the Inscriptions are among the only surviving written records of the Maya. Sources: Bernal Romero, Guillermo. Kinich Jahahb Pakal (Resplandente Escudo Ave-Janahb) (603-683 d.C) Arqueologà ­a Mexicana XIX-110 (July-August 2011) 40-45. Matos Moctezuma, Eduardo. Grandes Hallazgos de la Arqueologà ­a: De la Muerte a la Inmortalidad. Mexico: Tiempo de Memoria Tus Quets, 2013. McKillop, Heather. New York: Norton, 2004.

State Bank of India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

State Bank of India - Essay Example In fact, after five years of deliberations, the chairman reflected bank’s achievements on the attribute of positive attitude regained by leadership thought. This opened up avenues through which the chairman shifted the focus to start aiming at being among the top twenty banks in the world. With such deliberations, the concern is on how the bank has been performing, what contributed to its advancements, the challenges it met along the journey, the opportunities available, its current weaknesses, and the potential it has in order to go to higher horizons. In light with this, the following section will evaluate on the current bank’s situation. This will give an insight and overview of the potential that the bank has in terms of advancing or deteriorating (Samuelson 1980). SBI profile: the primary internal and external influences on State Bank of India One theory that can be put into the context of explaining the primary internal and external influences on state bank is the ory of planed behavior. This theory can be applicable in explaining why, for example, people have a perception the SBI is a good bank. It takes several strategic measures for the internal management of the bank to put incentives that change the view of customers in relation to services offered by the bank. In order for employees to be able to perform well in their duties, they need to have a good attitude towards both the organisation and the customers. In essence, theory of planned behavior argues that, the attitude toward a behavior changes individual behavioral intentions (Ajzen 2007). In this regard, due to good employee incentives offered by the bank, employees are able to have a positive attitude towards the bank, something that results in top performance. In addition, organisation and management theory argues that organisations must understand both internal and external factors in order to succeed in their business. This can be analyzed to be the case in SBI. For example, on his reflection of the journey, in 2011, the chairman admitted that the bank has been the largest commercial bank in India. According to the chairman, this has been a journey full of transformations, which focused on changing its hierarchy, transaction orientation, customer focus, government ownership, and change of technological advancement, which has made it to be a universal bank. After Bhatt took over its leadership, he talked of transforming the leadership of SBI in order to propel it further. By 2010, SBI had doubled its profits and regained market share, something that led to the bank being awarded the ‘achievement award’ for the strongest bank in the Asian pacific region. In this regard, it is apparent that the change of leadership exhibited by Bhatt was very instrumental in taking the bank to new levels (Rust and Zahorik 1993). Therefore, analytically, it can be argued that apart from adopting all necessary technology and other strategies in business, leadership plays an indispensable role in development of any organisation (Yeung, Ging and Ennew 2002). By 2011, SBI was 43rd largest bank in the world taking a capitalization of over $ 36.5 billion in. By that time, SBI had more than 267,000 employees and with 18,000 branches and 25,000 ATMs. In this year, it made profits of $ 2.6 billion. However, the journey of SBI has been a long one since its establishment in 1806. Some years down the line, the bank was granted the right to issue currency; something updated it into the status of a presidency bank. At that time, the bank was partly owned by the government and part by private individuals. One of the parties that have had influence on

Structured essay on a comprehensive Marketing Plan to Promote YHA

Structured on a comprehensive Marketing Plan to Promote YHA Australia using UKs Back Packers as market target - Essay Example Cheaper flights and favourable exchange rates have encouraged the tremendous growth of this market with more than 400 000 backpackers expected to visit Australia in 2002. (Macbeth and Westerhausen, 2003) Backpackers hold special potential for regional Australia. Already, backpackers make up more than half of all international visitors and visitor nights in some parts of regional Australia. Their tendency to roam farther afield than other types of tourists is reflected in the fact that backpackers visited an average 10.6 regions in Australia during 1995-96, compared with 2.7 regions for all visitors. However although backpackers are visiting up to four times more of Australia than other types of tourists, large sections of regional Australia continue to be bypassed altogether The marketing strategy for backpacker tourism is composed of four strategies: promote 'quality' tourism based upon: maximizing income from tourism through a value-volume strategy (i.e. relatively lower growth in arrivals, but targeting higher-spending visitors); reducing seasonality; repositioning Australia's image as a destination, with greater emphasis on experiences linked to the island's environment and cultural heritage, marketing Australia's diverse population as a 'a mosaic of nature and culture, a whole, magical world concentrated in a small, warm and hospitable island in the Mediterranean at the crossroads of three continents, between West and East, that offers a multidimensional, high quality tourist experience. Tourism Australia has been active in this segment for a number of years, and is building on past experience to continue to develop it. Investing in this segment now will provide substantial returns in the future as the backpackers of today are likely to become the returning high-yield target markets of tomorrow. Backpackers area unique tourism segment. Their characteristics are as follows: there is an evident and strong social interaction among backpackers, the existence of backpacker enclaves, the relatively prolonged duration of most backpacker journeys compared to the conventional tourist trips), and the inviting traits of a classic anthropological subject, rites of passage. Parallel with the growth and expansion of the phenomenon itself, research into backpacker tourism has grown dramatically too, and a noteworthy share of that research has been conducted by means of ethnography, while a large share of the remainder display much influence from ethnographic methodology. The autho r has been part and parcel of this development as he, since 1990, in total has conducted more than two years of ethnographic fieldwork among backpackers and has published several papers on the ethnography of backpackers INTRODUCTION 'Travel and tourism is the largest industry in the world, accounting for 11.7 per cent of world GDP, 8 per cent of world export earnings, and 8 per cent of employment. This mobility affects almost everywhere, with the World Tourism Organization publishing tourism statistics for over 180 countries (WTO 2002). Almost no countries are not significant senders and receivers of visitors. Internationally there are over 700 million legal passenger arrivals each year (compared with 25 million in 1950) with a predicted 1 billion by

Development of the Depression in Chronic Illnesses Scale

Development of the Depression in Chronic Illnesses Scale Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ) is an eighty-two items measure, divided into five clinical components (Kroenke, Spitzer Williams, 2001). PHQ is used to assess mood, anxiety, somatoform inclination, alcoholism and disorders related to eating habits. PHQ is found to be beneficial in primary care settings because of the early screening and detection the disorder. Responses ranging from â€Å"not at all to nearly every day† and score from 0 to 3 points. Respondents asked to mark his/her feelings they gone through by the past two weeks. PHQ has three shorter versions; one with nine items derived from the original version called Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale-9 (PHQ-9), eight items and two item versions are called PHQ-8 (Kroenke, Strine, Spitzer, Williams, Berry Mokdad, 2008)and PHQ-2 respectively. Zung Depression Inventory (Zung, 1965) is a 20 items self-rating depression inventory for diagnosis depression in psychiatric settings. Where, 20 items divided into 10 negative statements and 10 positive statements, included affective, somatic and psychological symptoms of depression. The response format ranged from 1 (a little of the time) to 4 (most of the time) points scale and the diagnostic scores divide into category of four. Scores ranging between 20-80 points, where, less than50 regarded normal, less than 60 as having mild depression, less than 70 as having major depression, while 70 and above regarded as severe major depression. Besides the adolescents and adult depression measures, there was a need to have measures for assessing depression in geriatric people. There is not much work done on this issue. Depression is not a process of aging, though somewhat people affected by it in their late life. The reason could be retirement from jobs, impairment in daily routine, cognitive functioning, and decreased quality of life (Blazer, 2009). Among other measure of depression available, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is uses commonly in hospitals and by other health care professionals (Yesavage, Brink, Rose, Lum, Huang, Adey Leirer, 1983). GDS is developed by Yesavage (1982) in a dichotomous yes/no format, has two measures one is long form consisting 30-item questionnaire, while other is short form consisting 15-item questionnaire. GDS assessed the intensity of depression, participant felt in the preceding week (Greenberg, 2007). Children depression scales are significant components of assessing depression and their mental health. Children’s self-report measures of depression are relatively newer addition although fastest emerging in clinical psychology because of the importance of the issue. Weinberg Depression Scale for Children and Adolescents (WDSCA) is a 56 items, dichotomous response format measure developed for assessing depression in children and adolescent aged 5-21 years. Another commonly used questionnaire is Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale Modified for Children (CES-DC) is a derivation of adult CES-D. CES-DC is a 20 items measure with the same statements although the wordings related to children’s level of comprehension (Faulstich, Carey Ruggiero, Enyart Gresham, 1986). One more measure for addressing depressive symptoms in terms of behavior and feelings in childrens is Childrens Depression Scale (CDS)-3rd Ed. CDS is a 50 item scale developed for the childrens 7 to 18 years of age. CDS has two depression and pleasure scales with separate forms for boys and girls (Poznannski, Cook Carroll, 1979). Multi-score Depression Inventory for Children (MDI-C) is developed for childrens age ranging between 8-12years. MDI-C is 79-items original scale and 47-items short version with true/false response format. MDI-C addressed children’s mood, affect, behavior, self-esteem, social interaction, defiance, and learned helplessness. Moreover there is another children inventory developed named Child Depression Inventory (CDI). CDI is an extension of BDI, with 27 items and 10 items scale for children and adolescents. The age is ranged between 7-17 years. CDI covers broad spectrum of child’s behavior, emotional problems in home and school living for preceding 2 weeks. Likewise, Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) developed by Angold Costello (1987) assess the child’s recent feelings and affect. MFQ is a 33-items long form and 13-items short form, and score ranging between 0 (not true) to 2 (true) points. CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY Use of self administered diagnostic tool for depression has been increased these days as a quick and reliable step in measuring depression for accurate treatment regimen in patients with chronic illnesses. An analytical approach employed in the development of the Depression in Chronic Illnesses Scale (DCIS) i.e. the item selection and the method of assessing the individual’s level of Depression was based on a theory. In the case of present scale the theory was that of Beck’s (1967). The theory holds that cognitive distortions, dysfunctional beliefs and negative thoughts about an experience are responsible for having depression (Compass Gotlib, 2002). Mental and behavioral problems interlinked and begin because of the negatively twisted thinking processes. Furthermore, depression has four major components that are affective, cognitive, behavioral and biological. The present study carried out in two phases, where the first phase involved in development of the DCIS scale whilst second phase in validation of the newly developed scale. Phase I Development of the Depression in Chronic Illnesses Scale The development of scale involved following steps: Step 1: In-depth interview with chronically ill patients from various hospitals, view-points of health professionals and people from different community settings. Participants: Three different samples were taken for this step in which 30 participants (20 females and 10 males) of health professionals, 30 people (15 females and 15 males) from different community settings and 30 chronically ill patients (13 females and 17 males) from various hospitals of Karachi were recruited as respondents. Procedure: Health care professionals: 30 (20 females and 10 males) health care professionals (e.g. doctors, psychologists nurses) were approached. Their age ranged between 25-40 years. Initially a brief verbal presentation was given them about purpose of the study. Then they were requested to provide their view points for depression that could be their observation or experience in their lives (Annexure A, English) and (Annexure B, Urdu). Following instruction was given along with two sheets of paper. â€Å"Depression isa mental state described by one’s feeling of sadness, loneliness, hopelessness, low self-esteem, and self-reproach†. They were allowed to express their views easily in any language i-e English or Urdu. People from community settings: 30 participants (15 females and 15 males) from different community settings i.e house wives, office workers, teachers and students from colleges and universities of Karachi were approached. Their age ranged from 18-45 years. Initially the reason of the study was extensively explained to them. Then they were requested to provide their view points about depression that could be their observation or experience in their lives (Annexure A, English) and (Annexure B, Urdu). Following instruction was given along with two sheets of paper. â€Å"Depression isa mental state described by one’s feeling of sadness, loneliness, hopelessness, low self-esteem, and self-reproach†. They were allowed to express their views easily in any language i-e English or Urdu. Chronically ill patients: 30 chronically ill patients (13females and 17 males) were approached from different hospitals of Karachi. Their age ranged between 28-48 years. They were extensively and clearly explained the purpose of study and the reason for interview to put them in ease. They were further explained about confidentiality. A semi-structured in-depth interview was done on each chronically ill patient individually that explored their perspective, cognitions, feelings and behaviors about their illness in general and specific situations of life. They were asked open-ended questions (Annexure C), such as â€Å"how are you feeling today?† Their responses were recorded for further analysis. Results: The information explored during semi-structured in-depth interview with patients was summarized and analyzed. The point of views provided by health professionals and people from different community settings used for content analysis. The data from patients, heath care professionals and people from different community settings was qualitatively analyzed and common and relevant content was retained and uncommon content discarded. Step 2: item writing and selection Initially pool of the items were generated through quantitative analysis by using the definitions provided by the chronically ill patients, health professionals and people from different community settings (step 1) Few items from established measures of depression such as Beck depression inventory (1967) were selected and those selected items were culturally relevant items as well. Primarily the selected items were translated in Urdu then included in the item pool (step 2). Before given the item pool to the experts for rating, the content of the items was closely scrutinized by the researcher and supervisor to find out major weaknesses. Omissions and inclusions according to their relevance in each component were made and repetitive items and ambiguous items were deleted. Then, to determine the construct validity of the final scale the panels of judges/psychologists were asked to scrutinize items of the scale keeping in focus the Beck model of Depression. Psychologists were given printed material on the theoretical model of Depression as proposed by Beck (1967), that explained briefly and precisely the three aspects of depression, along with few sample items from already developed scale of Beck depression Inventory. After giving the material on Beck’s (1967) theory they were requested to rate each item on a 1 to 5 rating scale according to its relevance in each of the three components (Annexure D). They were asked to give an item a score of 1 if it is not at all related to the component/concept in question and give a rating of 4 or 5 if the item seems to be highly related to the component/concept in question. The items that had an average rating of 4 and above were selected and the items that had rating below 4 were discarded. Psychologists were replied back with their expert perspective in an objective manner to rate the formulated items for each component of the scale. Finally selected items were reduced to 28 total items (Annexure E). Step 3: Pilot Study Sample: A pilot study carried out by using the judge’s and psychologist’s rated scale and with the purpose of to evaluate the adequacy of scale and to make needed alterations accordingly. The sample of 60 (31 males 29 females) chronically ill patients and they were conveniently selected from various hospitals of Karachi. The age ranges of participants were between 18 to 50 years. Procedure: A 28 itemed scale was administered (Annexure F) on the participants with a demographic form in which they asked to write their name, age, education and illness. Those participants selected for pilot study who can comprehend Urdu easily. Further they were required to identify vague, repetitive, and difficult to understand items. Result: Finally selected scale after pilot study reduced to 18 items (Annexure G). Item those were difficult to understand, and vague for majority of the participants were excluded. Step 4: factor analysis and item total correlation Sample: To find out factor analysis and item total correlation, final Depression in Chronic Illnesses Scale (18 items) was administered on 270 (154 males, 116 females) chronically ill patients from various hospitals of Karachi. Their age ranged between 18- 50 years and they were conveniently selected. Procedure: Later than taking the written permission from hospital’s authorities, participants were explained about the details and purpose of the study along with a short demographic form, consent form (Annexure I) and final Depression in Chronic Illnesses Scale. Only those participants were included who volunteer to participate thus they could self-report the questionnaire. They were then requested to choose the one option of all eighteen items on DCIS, about which they think most related to their feelings during past six months. The choice of options was from strongly agree, agree and disagree to strongly disagree. Phase II: Validation of Chronic Illnesses Scale The second phase involved in determining the newly developed scale’s psychometric properties. Item total correlation, alpha internal consistency, split half reliability and convergent validity was calculated Reliability Analysis Sample and procedure: For test re-tests reliability a sample consisted of 60 chronically ill patients (26 females, 34 males), age ranging from 18-50 years, recruited from various hospital of Karachi and for internal consistency analysis sample consisted of 270 chronically ill patients (103 males, 90 females) with the age range of 18-50 years from different hospitals of Karachi. The Depression in Chronic Illnesses Scale was administered twice on participants at an interval of one week. Test re-tests reliability found out by computing Pearson r by using SPSS IBM version 22. Those participants comprehend easily the language of the scale were selected. For calculating internal consistency (item-total correlation inter-items correlation) Cronbach’s alpha was computed and for split half reliability all items were divided randomly into two equal sets, then split-half reliability estimated by the proportion between these two total scores. Validity Analysis To assess the convergent validity the two scales were administered along with DCIS on 100 chronically ill patients selected from various hospitals of Karachi, age ranging between 18 to 50 years. Only those participants were selected who were bilingual or easily comprehend English language. The two scales used for assessing convergent validity were, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D; Radloff, 1977) Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD; Hamilton, 1960) Procedure: Participants were asked to complete the Depression in Chronic Illnesses Scale with Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression was used by the administrator. Measures: The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D; Radloff, 1977) is a 20-item self-report rating scale that assesses mood, somatic complaints, interactions with others, and motor functioning. It’s a 4-point rating scale, scores ranges from 0-3 (rarely or none of the time=0, some or little of the time=1, occasionally or a moderate amount of time=2 and most or all of the time=3). The final score spans from 0 to 60, with a higher score indicating high intensity of depression. People with a final score of 16 or lower are identified as non-depressed; however, the higher are typically identified as a depressive ‘case’ (Annexure I). Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD; Hamilton, 1960) is a 17-item, multiple choice clinician/health professional’s observation rating scale, design to assess the severity of depression in terms of mood, somatic complains, work and activity, sleep and insight. It’s a type of semi structured interview. Score ranging from 0-52, where score more than 23 indicative of very high intensity of depression, 19-22 high intensity, 14-18 moderate intensity, 8-13 mild and lower than 8 indicative of no depression (Annexure J). Cut off Scores In order to find out classificatory indices of DCIS, quartile 1, quartile 3 and intra-quartile had been calculated of eighteen items of the scale i.e. mild, moderate and severe level of depression in patients with chronic illnesses. Result: After computing the eighteen items of DCIS, the classificatory indices of the scores are, 0-16.25 indicates minimal depression, 17-25 indicates mild depression, 25-33 indicates moderate depression and more than 33 points indicates severe level of depression. Operational Definitions: Depression: Depression generally a state of mood characterize by a pessimistic sense of inadequacy dejection and a despondent lack of activity. Depression causes changes in view, emotion, behavior, and physical well-being. It is a widespread, intricate and complicated disorder, (Horwath, 2004). Reliability: Reliability of a test is referring to the consistency of a test.A test is reliable when it produces consistent and steady results over time (Phelan, Wren, 2005). There are different types of reliability in which, test re-test reliability is a correlation between the scores of same group test at two different times on same test. This type of reliability uses to evaluate consistency of a test over time. Inter-rater reliability achieved by given a test to more than one judges for rating. The ratings then compare to establish the consistency of a test. Internal consistency reliability is correlation between items of the same test. Split half reliability is correlation between two halves of one test to assess the internal consistency of a test. Parallel-forms reliability is measured by comparing the correlation of scores of two different tests used for assessing same construct. These two tests administered at same time on same sample Validity: Validity is one of the basic attributes of a test. Validity is a degree to which a test is measure what claims to measure (Cronbach, 1971). A test would be considered valid when it efficiently measures the specific characteristic that it means to be measure. There are four common types of estimation validity. Predictive validity is referring to the accuracy that how well a test guesses the future performance. The usual method is use to measure the approach to predict the future behavior solely on the basis of obtained scores. Criterion related validity used to predict future or current performance on a test. Content validity is referring to the extent to which how much a test represents every single item of the same construct. Construct validity refer to the extent to which a test measure a theoretical construct or attribute. Convergent and discriminant validity are two type of construct validity in which construct validity refers to which a test positively correlate with other measu re of same construct while discriminant validity refer to a test does not correlate with other measure of different construct (Campbell Fisk, 1959a).

Anatomy And Physiology Of The Affected System

The powerful heart muscle requires a constant supply of oxygen-rich blood to nourish it. The coronary arteries provide the heart with this critical circulatory 24/7 blood supply. Without adequate and consistent blood, the heart becomes starved of oxygen and vital nutrients it requires to work properly and efficiently.   Coronary artery disease or Atherosclerosis occurs when the arteries become clogged and narrowed, restricting blood flow to the heart. (Heart Attack, 2006)   â€Å"The main myocardial infarction causal effects under investigation include blood pressure, hypertension, the use of antihypertensive and/or cardiovascular medication and angina pectoris.† (Caroline B. Ameling et al. 2002, p. 307)Pathology Of The DiseaseThe arteries leading to the heart become narrow and blood cannot flow consistently and evenly. Fatty matter, calcium, proteins and inflammatory cells build up within the arteries to form plaques of different sizes and irregular shapes. The plaque dep osits are hard on the outside and soft and mushy on the inside.When the plaque's deposits harden, the outer shell cracks (plaque rupture) and platelets (disc-shaped particles in the blood that aid clotting) arrive at the heart area, and blood clots form around the plaque. When the blood clot completely blocks or inhibits the artery, the heart muscle and tissue is rapidly depleted of oxygen. Within a short time, damage of the heart muscle cells occurs, causing permanent impairment. The end result, in medical terms is a myocardial infarction (MI), or heart attack.   â€Å"While it is unusual, a heart attack can also be caused by a spasm of a coronary artery. During coronary spasm, the coronary arteries restrict or spasm on and off, reducing blood supply to the heart muscle (ischemia).† (Heart Attack, 2006)Current Treatment OptionsImmediate treatment options include supplemental oxygen therapy, however it is the only form of treatment that improves survival in hypoxemic patien ts, no clear relationship exists between improved survival and reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance with oxygen therapy. (Susan Wilansky et al. 2002, p. 629)   Individuals with angina or chronic chest pains can take nitroglycerin pills to cause the pain to disappear. Because angina patients often have chest pains, the key heart attack symptoms may be lightheadedness, sweating, nausea, or shortness of breath, in addition to chest pain. (Christopher Wanjek, 2003, p. 242)For long term treatment at a hospital, individuals are taken to the cardiac catheterization lab where a doctor will evaluate the coronary arteries to determine whether angioplasty or coronary artery bypass graft surgery is appropriate.Patient EducationThe traditional approach to patient education interventions requires a health educator to meet with patients individually or to provide lectures. Some educational approaches appear to be cost-effective has shown that education programs emphasizing self-management of one's health and prevention strategies are effective in increasing patients' self-efficacy and health status. â€Å"Therefore it appears important to measure any changes in self-efficacy and helplessness that may result from either education and/or social support interventions. Such measures make it possible to evaluate the sense of control over health decisions and outcomes that has been associated with health status and health care costs.† (Terry A. Cronan et al. 2000, p. 455)Community referral sourcesAmerican College of Cardiology, 9111 Old Georgetown Road Bethesda, MD   20814-699 Phone:   1-800-253-4636, extension 694WomenHeart: The National Coalition for Women With Heart Disease 818 18th Street, N.W. Suite 230 Washington, DC   20006 Phone:   (202) 728-7199American Heart Association (AHA)   7272 Greenville Avenue Dallas, TX   75231 Phone:   1-800-AHA-USA1 (1-800-242-8721) Web Address:   http://www.americanheart.orgPreventionTension and anxiety were foun d to be good predictors of disease and mortality even when other risk factors were controlled. More recently, it has been prospectively shown that earlier measures of anxiety were significantly related to the development of atherosclerosis disease. (Stanley Chin et al. 2004, p. 63)Preventive life choice behavior modification includes stop smoking, controlling cholesterol through a healthy diet, managing blood pressure with exercise, relaxing and reducing stress by managing depression and anger.Reference(s)Caroline B. Ameling, Hendriek C. Boshuizen, Augustinus E.M. De Hollander, Hanneke Kruize, Brigit A.M. Staatsen, Elise E.M.M. Van Kempen, 2002, The Association between Noise Exposure and Blood Pressure and Ischemic Heart Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Journal Title: Environmental Health Perspectives. Volume: 110. Issue: 3. Publication Year:. Page Number: 307+. COPYRIGHT 2002 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences;http://www.webmd.com/hw/heart_disease/tx2300-ConRes.asp   He art Attack and Unstable Angina Retrieved December 28, 2006Jiang He, Gail T. Louis, Paul K. Whelton, 2003, Lifestyle Modification for the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension. Publisher: Marcel Dekker. Place of Publication: New York. Page Number: 278.Susan Wilansky, James T. Willerson, 2002, Heart Disease in Women. Publisher: Churchill Livingstone. Place of Publication: New York. Page Number: 629.Christopher Wanjek, 2003, Bad Medicine: Misconceptions and Misuses Revealed, from Distance Healing to Vitamin O. Publisher: Wiley. Place of Publication: New York. Page Number: 242.Terry A. Cronan, Erik J. Groessl, 2000, A Cost Analysis of Self-Management Programs for People with Chronic Illness Journal Title: American Journal of Community Psychology. Volume: 28. Issue: 4. Page Number: 455. COPYRIGHT 2000 Plenum Publishing Corporation;